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Hernani is a town and municipality located in the province of Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain. The town sits on the left bank of the Urumea river.It is located at a distance of 9.2 km from San Sebastian. The municipality of Hernani occupies an area of approximately 40 square kilometers and is bordered by San Sebastián, Astigarraga, Arano, Elduayen, Renteria, Lasarte-Oria and Urnieta. From the town center, at the foot of Mount Santa Barbara, it is possible to see a large area of the valley of Urumea. Its festivities, held between 23 and June 27 in honor of John the Baptist; and between his celebrations it is to emphasize the popular "Azeridantza"〔http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVEQCpXgTYY&feature=related Vídeo del Baile de la Azeri-Dantza o Maskuridantza San Juan 2009 (YouTube)〕 (also celebrated in celebrations of Carnival). The title character of Victor Hugo's play ''Hernani'' is named after the town. ==History== During the Middle Ages, the territory that would form the Gipuzkoa Province was divided in valleys and Hernani was one of them. The valley of Hernani formerly extended by all the space between the lower courses of the rivers Urumea and Oria territory. The first written mentions referred the valley of Hernani go back to a document of a few votes of the Castilian count Fernán González of Castile in favor of Monasteries of San Millan de la Cogolla that are dated to the year 938, but which are believed to be a fake the thirteenth century. Dated to the late twelfth century the donation document of the Monastery of San Sebastián to Monastery of Leyre in Navarre by the king Sancho VI of Navarre, which states that the monastery of San Sebastián was in ''the borders of Hernani''. When this Navarrese king I create the town of San Sebastián towards 1180, the territory of the valley of Hernani was included within the jurisdiction of the new town. It is not known when it was created to turn the town of Hernani and populates his letter was lost along with your files on a fire. Some estimate that the foundation of the village occurred during the reign of the king Alfonso X of Castile, in the second half of the thirteenth century, since this king I create a network of strategic towns along the routes linking the coast with Guipúzcoa inside and Hernani could be one of these strategic localities. Others delay foundation of the town until the late fourteenth century later date established as 1379, as a document of the fifteenth century mentions an agreement between the councils of Hernani and San Sebastián for the use of the mountains of the valley of Urumea that took place in 1379, which gives entendar that by that time was already established in Hernani town. The town of Hernani extended its jurisdiction only on part of the old valley. He lost all the coastal and lower valley of Urumea that continued consisting of San Sebastián strip; and the western area in the valley of the Oria, which became the town of Usúrbil in 1371. Its western limit continued being the Oria river, but in contrast its Eastern limit not marked and the Urumea river as long ago but the mountains separating the valley of the Urumea of those of Oyarzun, the town extending along the right bank of the river. It is believed that the site of the town of Hernani, in an attic to 42 meters high that dominates the left bank of the River Urumea and in turn located at the foot of Mount Santa Barbara, to the location of the primitive main town corresponded valley. This old town, oval, was surrounded by walls and owned several entrances (of which only survives one in the street Felipe Sagarna "Zapa"). Originally owned two streets along (the Street Major-Kale Nagusia and Kardaberaz Street), which were crossed by a street perpendicular (Nafar streets and its prolongation Felipe Sagarna "Zapa"). The first municipal ordinances are of 1542, copy of the ordinances of 1512 disappeared during an invasion of the French army. There are numerous invasions and destruction suffered by the town throughout its history: the medieval factional wars, French invasions in the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; as well as the hard sieges during the Carlist Wars and finally Spanish Civil War of 1936. In 1986 came the disengagement of Lasarte, a historical district of Hernani located in the valley of the Oria, that had grown to turn into a village. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hernani, Gipuzkoa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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